Atoms To Mass In Grams Converter To Mg

Posted By admin On 16.08.19
  1. Atoms To Mass In Grams Converter To Mg/dl
Iron weights up to 50 kilograms depicted in Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l'épicerie et des industries annexes.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−40kg and 1053 kg.

Grams to Moles Conversion Formula Questions: 1. How many moles are in 75.37 grams of sodium chloride, NaCl? Answer: First, find the molar mass of NaCl. Use the periodic table to find the mass of each element then multiply that value by the number of each element's atoms in the particle. Convert Tonne (t), Kilogram (kg), gram (g), milligram (mg), microgram (µg), nanogram (ng), picogram (pg), stone (st), pound (lb), ounce (oz), carat (ct), and atomic mass unit (amu/u).

  • 1Units of mass

Units of mass[edit]

SI multiples of gram (g)
SubmultiplesMultiples
ValueSI symbolNameValueSI symbolName
10−1 gdgdecigram101 gdagdecagram
10−2 gcgcentigram102 ghghectogram
10−3 gmgmilligram103 gkgkilogram
10−6 gµgmicrogram (mcg)106 gMgmegagram (tonne)
10−9 gngnanogram109 gGggigagram
10−12 gpgpicogram1012 gTgteragram
10−15 gfgfemtogram1015 gPgpetagram
10−18 gagattogram1018 gEgexagram
10−21 gzgzeptogram1021 gZgzettagram
10−24 gygyoctogram1024 gYgyottagram
Common prefixes are in bold face.[1]

Atoms To Mass In Grams Converter To Mg/dl

The table below is based on the kilogram (kg), the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI). The kilogram is the only standard unit to include an SI prefix (kilo-) as part of its name. The gram (10−3 kg) is an SI derived unit of mass. However, the names of all SI mass units are based on gram, rather than on kilogram; thus 103 kg is a megagram (106 g), not a 'kilokilogram'.

The tonne (t) is a SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram, or 103 kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 103 kg and is often used with SI prefixes. For example, a gigagram or 109 g is 103 tonne, commonly called a kilotonne.

Other units[edit]

Other units of mass are also in use. Historical units include the stone, the pound, the carat, and the grain.

Atoms To Mass In Grams Converter To Mg

For subatomic particles, physicists use the mass equivalent to the energy represented by an electronvolt (eV). At the atomic level, chemists use the mass of one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom (the dalton). Astronomers use the mass of the sun (M☉).

Below 10−24 kg[edit]

Unlike other physical quantities, mass-energy does not have an a priori expected minimal quantity, as is the case with time or length, or an observed basic quantum as in the case of electric charge. Planck's law allows for the existence of photons with arbitrarily low energies. Consequently, there can only ever be an experimental lower bound on the mass of a supposedly massless particle; in the case of the photon, this confirmed lower bound is of the order of 3×10−27 eV = 10−62 kg.

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10−598.9×10−59 kgGraviton, upper limit on mass [2]
10−404.2×10−40 kgMass equivalent of the energy of a photon at the peak of the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation (0.235 meV/c2)[3]
10−361.8×10−36 kgOne eV/c2, the mass equivalent of one electronvolt[4]
3.6×10−36 kgElectron neutrino, upper limit on mass (2 eV/c2)[5]
10−319.11×10−31 kgElectron (511 keV/c2), the lightest elementary particle with a measured nonzero rest mass[6]
10−303.0–5.5×10−30 kg.Up quark (as a current quark) (1.7–3.1 MeV/c2)[7]
10−281.9×10−28 kgMuon (106 MeV/c2)[8]
10−27
yoctogram (yg)		1.661×10−27 kgAtomic mass unit (u) or dalton (Da)
1.673×10−27 kgProton (938.3 MeV/c2)[9][10]
1.674×10−27 kgHydrogen atom, the lightest atom
1.675×10−27 kgNeutron (939.6 MeV/c2)[11][12]
10−261.2×10−26 kgLithium atom (6.941 u)
3.0×10−26 kgWater molecule (18.015 u)
8.0×10−26 kgTitanium atom (47.867 u)
10−251.1×10−25 kgCopper atom (63.546 u)
1.6×10−25 kgZ boson (91.2 GeV/c2)[13]
2.2×10−25 kgHiggs Boson (125 GeV/c2)
3.1×10−25 kgTop quark (173 GeV/c2),[14] the heaviest known elementary particle
3.2×10−25 kgCaffeine molecule (194 u)
3.5×10−25 kgLead-208 atom
4.9×10−25 kgOganesson-294 atom, the heaviest known nuclide

10−24 to 10−19 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10−24
zeptogram (zg)		1.2×10−24 kgBuckyball molecule (720 u)
10−231.4×10−23 kgUbiquitin, a small protein (8.6 kDa)[15]
5.5×10−23 kgA typical protein (median size of roughly 300 amino acids ≈ 33 kDa)[16]
10−221.1×10−22 kgHaemoglobin A molecule in blood (64.5 kDa)[17]
10−21
attogram (ag)		1.65×10−21 kgDouble-stranded DNA molecule consisting of 1,578 base pairs (995,000 daltons)[18]
4.3×10−21 kgProkaryotic ribosome (2.6 MDa)[19]
7.1×10−21 kgEukaryotic ribosome (4.3 MDa)[19]
7.6×10−21 kgBrome mosaic virus, a small virus (4.6 MDa)[20]
10−203×10−20 kgSynaptic vesicle in rats (16.1 ± 3.8 MDa)[21]
6.8×10−20 kgTobacco mosaic virus (41 MDa)[22]
10−191.1×10−19 kgNuclear pore complex in yeast (66 MDa)[23]
2.5×10−19 kgHuman adenovirus (150 MDa)[24]

10−18 to 10−13 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10−18
femtogram (fg)		1×10−18 kgHIV-1 virus[25][26]
4.7×10−18 kgDNA sequence of length 4.6 Mbp, the weight of the E. coli genome[27]
10−17~1×10−17 kgVaccinia virus, a large virus[28]
1.1×10−17 kgMass equivalent of 1 joule[29]
10−163×10−16 kgProchlorococcus cyanobacteria, the smallest (and possibly most plentiful)[30] photosynthetic organism on Earth[31][32]
10−15
picogram (pg)		1×10−15 kgE. coli bacterium (wet weight)[33]
6×10−15 kgDNA in a typical diploid human cell (approximate)
10−142.2×10−14 kgHuman sperm cell[32][34]
6×10−14 kgYeast cell (quite variable)[35][36]
10−131.5×10−13 kgDunaliella salina, a green algae (dry weight)[37]

10−12 to 10−7 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10−12
nanogram (ng)		1×10−12 kgAverage human cell (1 nanogram)[38]
2–3×10−12 kgHeLa human cell[39][40][41]
8×10−12 kgGrain of birchpollen[42]
10−11
10−102.5×10−10 kgGrain of maizepollen[43]
3.5×10−10 kgVery fine grain of sand (0.063 mm diameter, 350 nanograms)
10−9
microgram (µg)		3.6×10−9 kgHuman ovum[32][44]
2.4×10−9 kgUS RDA for vitamin B12 for adults[45]
10−81.5×10−8 kgUS RDA for vitamin D for adults[46]
~2×10−8 kgUncertainty in the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) (±~20µg)[47]
2.2×10−8 kgPlanck mass[48]
~7×10−8 kgOne eyelash hair (approximate)[49]
10−71.5×10−7 kgUS RDA for iodine for adults[50]
2–3×10−7 kgFruit fly (dry weight)[51][52]

10×10−6 to 1 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10−6
milligram (mg)		2.5×10−6 kgMosquitoes, common smaller species (about 2.5 milligrams)[53]
10−5
centigram (cg)		1.1×10−5 kgSmall granule of quartz (2 mm diameter, 11 milligrams)[54]
2×10−5 kgAdult housefly (Musca domestica, 21.4 milligrams)[55]
10−4
decigram (dg)		0.27–2.0×10−4 kgRange of amounts of caffeine in one cup of coffee (27–200 milligrams)[56]
1.5×10−4 kgA frame of 35mm motion picture film (157 milligrams)[57]
2×10−4 kgMetric carat (200 milligrams)[57]
10−3
gram (g)		1×10−3 kgOne cubic centimeter of water (1 gram)[58]
1×10−3 kgUS dollar bill (1 gram)[59]
~1×10−3 kgTwo raisins (approximately 1 gram)[60]
~8×10−3 kgCoins of one Euro (7.5 grams),[61] one U.S. dollar (8.1 grams)[62] and one Canadian Loonie (7 grams [pre-2012], 6.27 grams [2012-])[63]
10−2
decagram (dag)		2–4×10−2 kgAdult mouse (Mus musculus, 20–40 grams)[64]
1.37×10−2 kgAmount of ethanol defined as one standard drink in the U.S. (13.7 grams)[65]
2.8×10−2 kgOunce (avoirdupois) (28.3495 grams)[57]
4.7×10−2 kgMass equivalent of the energy that is 1 megaton of TNT equivalent[57][66]
10−1
hectogram (hg)		0.1-0.2 kgAn orange (100–200 grams)[67]
.142-.129 kgA baseball used in the major league.[68]
0.454 kgPound (avoirdupois) (453.6 grams)[57]

1 kg to 105 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
1 kg
kilogram (kg)		1 kgOne litre (0.001 m3) of water[69]
1–3 kgSmallest breed of dog (Chihuahua)[70]
1–3 kgTypical laptop computer, 2010[71]
1–3 kgAdult domestic tortoise
2.5–4 kgNewborn human baby[72]
4.0 kgWomen's shot[73]
4–5 kgHousecat[74]
7.26 kgMen's shot[73]
1019–27 kgMedium-sized dog[75][76][77]
10–30 kgA CRT computer monitor or television set[citation needed]
50 kgLarge dog breed (Great Dane)
70 kgAdulthuman[78]
102130–180 kgMature lion, female (130 kg) and male (180 kg)[79]
200–250 kgGiant tortoise
240–450 kgGrand piano[80][81]
400–900 kgDairy cow[82]
500–500,000 kgA teaspoon (5 ml) of white dwarf material (0.5–500 tonnes)[83][84]
635 kgHeaviest human in history (Jon Brower Minnoch)
907.2 kg1 short ton (2000 pounds - U.S.)[57]
103
megagram (Mg)		1000 kgMetric ton/tonne[57]
1000 kg1 cubic metre of water[69]
1016.05 kgTon (British) / 1 long ton (2240 pounds - U.S.)[57]
1300–1600 kgTypical passenger cars[85]
2700–6000 kgAdult elephant[86]
1041.1×104 kgHubble Space Telescope (11 tonnes)[87]
1.2×104 kgLargest elephant on record (12 tonnes)[88]
1.4×104 kgBig Ben (bell) (14 tonnes)[89]
2.7×104 kgENIAC computer, 1946 (30 tonnes)[90]
4×104 kgMaximum gross mass (truck + load combined) of a semi-trailer truck in the EU (40–44 tonnes)[91]
5×104–6×104 kgTank; Bulldozer (50–60 tonnes)
6.0×104 kgLargest single-piece meteorite, Hoba West Meteorite (60 tonnes)[92]
7.3×104 kgLargest dinosaur, Argentinosaurus (73 tonnes)[93]
1051.8×105 kgLargest animal ever, a blue whale (180 tonnes)[94]
4.2×105 kgInternational Space Station (417 tonnes)[95]
6×105 kgWorld's heaviest aircraft: Antonov An-225 (maximum take-off mass: 600 tonnes, payload: 250 tonnes)[96]

106 to 1011 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
106
gigagram (Gg)		1×106 kgTrunk of the giant sequoia tree named General Sherman, largest living tree by trunk volume (1121 tonnes)[97]
2.0×106 kgLaunch mass of the Space Shuttle (2041 tonnes)[98]
6×106 kgLargest clonal colony, the quaking aspen named Pando (largest living organism) (6000 tonnes)[99]
7.8×106 kgVirginia-class nuclear submarine (submerged weight)[100]
1071×107 kgAnnual production of Darjeeling tea[101]
5.2×107 kgRMS Titanic when fully loaded (52,000 tonnes)[102]
9.97×107 kgHeaviest train ever: Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record (99,700 tonnes)[103]
1086.6×108 kgLargest ship and largest mobile man-made object, Seawise Giant, when fully loaded (660,000 tonnes)[104]
7×108 kgHeaviest (non-pyramid) building, Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, Romania[105]
109
teragram (Tg)		4.3×109 kgAmount of matter converted into energy by the Sun each second[106]
6×109 kgGreat Pyramid of Giza[107]
1010
6×1010 kgAmount of concrete in the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest concrete structure[108][109]
1011~1×1011 kgThe mass of a primordial black hole with an evaporation time equal to the age of the universe[110]
2×1011 kgAmount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km3)[111]
4×1011 kgTotal mass of the world's human population[78][112][113]
5×1011 kgTotal biomass of Antarctic krill, probably the most plentiful animal species on the planet[114]

1012 to 1017 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
1012
petagram (Pg)		0.8–2.1×1012 kgGlobal biomass of fish[115]
4×1012 kgGlobal annual human food production[116]
4×1012 kgWorld crude oil production in 2009 (3,843 Mt)[117]
5.5×1012 kgA teaspoon (5 ml) of neutron star material (5000 million tonnes)[118]
10131×1013 kgMass of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko[119]
4×1013 kgGlobal annual human carbon dioxide emission[120][121]
10141.05×1014 kgGlobal net primary production – the total mass of carbon fixed in organic compounds by photosynthesis each year on Earth[122]
7.2×1014 kgTotal carbon stored in Earth's atmosphere[123]
1015
exagram (Eg)		2.0×1015 kgTotal carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere[124]
3.5×1015 kgTotal carbon stored in coal deposits worldwide[125]
10161×1016 kg951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft (rough estimate)[126]
1×1016 kgRough estimate of the total carbon content of all organisms on Earth.[127]
3×1016 kgRough estimate of everything produced by the human species.[128]
3.8×1016 kgTotal carbon stored in the oceans.[129]
10171.6×1017 kgPrometheus, a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn's F Ring[130]

1018 to 1023 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
1018
zettagram (Zg)		5.1×1018 kgEarth's atmosphere[131]
5.6×1018 kgHyperion, a moon of Saturn[130]
10193×1019 kg3 Juno, one of the larger asteroids in the asteroid belt[132]
3×1019 kgThe rings of Saturn[133]
10209.4×1020 kgCeres, dwarf planet within the asteroid belt[134]
1021
yottagram (Yg)		1.4×1021 kgEarth's oceans[135]
1.5×1021 kgCharon, the largest moon of Pluto[136]
2.9–3.7×1021 kgThe asteroid belt[137]
10221.3×1022 kgPluto[136]
2.1×1022 kgTriton, largest moon of Neptune[138]
7.3×1022 kgEarth's Moon[139]
10231.3×1023 kgTitan, largest moon of Saturn[140]
1.5×1023 kgGanymede, largest moon of Jupiter[141]
3.3×1023 kgMercury[142]
6.4×1023 kgMars[143]

1024 to 1029 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10244.9×1024 kgVenus[144]
6.0×1024 kgEarth[145]
10253×1025 kgOort cloud[146]
8.7×1025 kgUranus[147]
10261.0×1026 kgNeptune[148]
5.7×1026 kgSaturn[149]
10271.9×1027 kgJupiter[150]
10282–14×1028 kgBrown dwarfs (approximate)[151]
10293×1029 kgBarnard's Star, a nearby red dwarf[152]

1030 to 1035 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10302×1030 kgThe Sun[153] (one solar mass or M☉ = 1.989×1030 kg)
2.8×1030 kgChandrasekhar limit (1.4 M☉)[154][155]
10314×1031 kgBetelgeuse, a red supergiant star (20 M☉)[156]
10324–7×1032 kgR136a1, the most massive of known stars (230 to 345 M☉)[157]
6–8×1032 kgHyades star cluster (300 to 400 M☉)[158]
10331.6×1033 kgPleiades star cluster (800 M☉)[159]
1034
1035~1035 kgTypical globular cluster in the Milky Way (overall range: 3×103 to 4×106M☉)[160]
2×1035 kgLow end of mass range for giant molecular clouds (1×105 to 1×107M☉)[161][162]
7.3×1035 kgJeans mass of a giant molecular cloud at 100K and density 30 atoms per cc;[163]
possible example: Orion Molecular Cloud Complex

1036 to 1041 kg[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10361.79×1036 kgThe entire Carina complex.
2.4×1036 kgThe Gould Belt of stars, including the Sun (1.2×106M☉)[164]
7–8×1036 kgThe supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, associated with the radio source Sagittarius A* (3.7±0.2×106M☉)[165]
8×1036 kgOmega centauri, the largest globular cluster in the milky way, containing approximately 10 million stars.
1037
1038
1039
10404.17×1040 kgNGC 4889, the largest measured supermassive black hole, weighing 21 billion solar masses (2.1×1010M☉)
10414×1041 kgVisible mass of the Milky Way galaxy[166]

1042 kg and greater[edit]

Factor (kg)ValueItem
10421.2×1042 kgMilky Way galaxy (5.8×1011M☉)[167]
2–3×1042 kgLocal Group of galaxies, including the Milky Way (1.29±0.14×1012M☉)[167]
1043
1044
10451–2×1045 kgLocal or Virgo Supercluster of galaxies, including the Local Group (1×1015M☉)[168]
1046
10472×1047 kgLaniakea supercluster of galaxies, which encompasses the Virgo supercluster
10482×1048 kgPisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex, a galaxy filament that includes the Laniakea Supercluster.
10494×1049 kgHercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, the largest structure in the known universe
1050
1051
10524.4506×1052 kgMass of the observable universe as estimated by NASA
6×1052 kgMass of the observable universe as estimated by the National Solar Observatory[169]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Criterion: A combined total of at least 250,000 Google hits on both the modern spelling (‑gram) and the traditional British spelling (‑gramme).
  2. ^'we bound the mass of the graviton to be mg≤5.0×10−23/c2 (90% credible level)' LIGO Gravitational Wave Observatory
  3. ^Fixsen, D. J. (2009). 'The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background'. The Astrophysical Journal. 707 (2): 916–920. arXiv:0911.1955. Bibcode:2009ApJ...707..916F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916.
  4. ^'Conversion from eV to kg'. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  5. ^'The most sensitive analysis on the neutrino mass [...] is compatible with a neutrino mass of zero. Considering its uncertainties this value corresponds to an upper limit on the electron neutrino mass of m<2.2 eV/c2 (95% Confidence Level)' The Mainz Neutrino Mass ExperimentArchived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^'CODATA Value: electron mass'. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  7. ^K. Nakamura; Particle Data Group (2011). 'PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)''(PDF). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  8. ^'CODATA Value: muon mass'. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  9. ^'CODATA Value: proton mass'. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  10. ^'CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent in MeV'. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  11. ^'CODATA Value: neutron mass'. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  12. ^'CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV'. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  13. ^Amsler, C.; Doser, M.; Antonelli, M.; Asner, D.; Babu, K.; Baer, H.; Band, H.; Barnett, R.; Bergren, E.; Beringer, J.; Bernardi, G.; Bertl, W.; Bichsel, H.; Biebel, O.; Bloch, P.; Blucher, E.; Blusk, S.; Cahn, R. N.; Carena, M.; Caso, C.; Ceccucci, A.; Chakraborty, D.; Chen, M. -C.; Chivukula, R. S.; Cowan, G.; Dahl, O.; d'Ambrosio, G.; Damour, T.; De Gouvêa, A.; et al. (2008). 'Review of Particle Physics⁎'. Physics Letters B. 667 (1): 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12.
  14. ^K. Nakamura; Particle Data Group (2011). 'PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)''(PDF). Particle Data Group. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  15. ^'Ubiquitin'. Channel Proteomes. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
  16. ^Ron Milo. 'How big is the 'average' protein?'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-08-08. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  17. ^Van Beekvelt MC; Colier WN; Wevers RA; Van Engelen BG (Feb 2001). 'Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle'. J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–519. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. ISSN8750-7587. PMID11160049.
  18. ^From attograms to Daltons: Cornell NEMS device detects the mass of a single DNA molecule [1]. Retrieved 2010-10-14
  19. ^ ab'Eukaryotic Ribosome'. ETH Zurich. Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  20. ^Bockstahler, L.; Kaesberg, P. (1962). 'The Molecular Weight and Other Biophysical Properties of Bromegrass Mosaic Virus'. Biophysical Journal. 2 (1): 1–9. Bibcode:1962BpJ.....2....1B. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(62)86836-2. PMC1366384. PMID19431313.
  21. ^'Atomic mass of synaptic vesicle - Rat Rattus'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  22. ^'Molecular weight - Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) - BNID 105958'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  23. ^Rout, M. P.; Blobel, G. (1993). 'Isolation of the yeast nuclear pore complex'. The Journal of Cell Biology. 123 (4): 771–783. doi:10.1083/jcb.123.4.771. PMC2200146. PMID8227139.
  24. ^Liu, H.; Jin, L.; Koh, S. B. S.; Atanasov, I.; Schein, S.; Wu, L.; Zhou, Z. H. (2010). 'Atomic Structure of Human Adenovirus by Cryo-EM Reveals Interactions Among Protein Networks'(PDF). Science. 329 (5995): 1038–1043. Bibcode:2010Sci...329.1038L. doi:10.1126/science.1187433. PMC3412078. PMID20798312.
  25. ^'Virus diameter of HIV-1 - HIV'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  26. ^Calculated : volume = 4/3 × π × (126e−9 m / 2)³ = 1.05e−21 m³. Assume density = 1 g/cm³ => mass = 1.05e−21 m³ × 1e3 kg/m³ = 1.05e−18 kg
  27. ^Frederick R. Blattner; Guy Plunkett III; et al. (1997). 'The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12'. Science. 277 (5331): 1453–1462. doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1453. PMID9278503.
  28. ^'Mass of virion - Virus Vaccinia'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  29. ^'Conversion from J to kg'. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  30. ^'Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9313 - Home'. Joint Genome Institute. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  31. ^'Size (diameter) of most abundant cyanobacteri - Prochlorococcus - BNID 101520'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  32. ^ abcMass calculated from volume assuming density of 1 g/mL
  33. ^'E. coli Statistics'. The CyberCell Database. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
  34. ^'Surface area and volume of spermatozoa - Human Homo sapiens'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  35. ^Ron Milo. 'How big is a yeast cell'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-08-08. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  36. ^''Rule of thumb' for cell mass'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  37. ^'Cell dry weight - Green algae Dunaliella salina'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  38. ^'A quick introduction to elements of biology - cells, molecules, genes, functional genomics, microarrays'. European Bioinformatics Institute. if we estimate the average weight of a human cell as about 10^-9 g
  39. ^'Measured HeLa cell mass'. BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
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External links[edit]

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